Early childhood is a period of rapid and significant development. At the same time, parents and other caregivers play a consequential role in how development during this period unfolds. Moreover, not only parents but also teachers and early childhood caregivers share the responsibility to make a positive contribution and difference in children’s development. It is therefore important to understand adult conceptions of children in early childhood. The present study examines this question in term of parenting approaches to child rearing and parenting attitudes in the Swedish context. The current systematic literature review examines published empirical studies to survey concepts of children and childhood in Swedish families. It is guided by the following research questions: In the existing research literature, what parental attitudes and behaviors are attributed to Swedish families? What conceptions of children and childhood can be discerned from this literature? Five articles were identified and reviewed in order to address these research questions. The results showed that parenting approaches are shaped by a child-centered view, both in families and early childhood provision and organizations, also focused on the natural development of children. Furthermore, there is an emphasis on children’s abilities to create their own path in life and respect for children’s rights and freedom. In terms of different forms of punishment including the physical punishment, discipline is not a core orientation for Swedish parents, and it is seen as an unfavorable action.