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I näthatarnas tanke: Hur ideologier och normer främjas i näthat
Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, Media and Communication Studies.
Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, Media and Communication Studies.
2021 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [sv]

Näthat är idag en förväntad nackdel av att använda internet och sociala medier. Även när hatet är riktat mot en individ blir det oftast en attack mot en kollektiv identitet. Syftet med studien var att analysera vilka normer och ideologier som främjas i hatkommentarer och hur de samspelar med varandra baserat på mottagarens kön, ålder, hudfärg och sexualitet. Totalt analyserades kommentarer från åtta videoklipp publicerade på Youtube, fyra vardera spel- respektive sminkbranschen. Genom att använda ett Python script och Googles’ Perspective API, kunde kommentarer med en viss nivå av toxicitet väljas från videoklippens kommentarsfält. Sedan analyserades kommentarerna av författarna utifrån olika diskurskritiska kriterier utifrån metoden kritisk diskursanalys. Analysen visade att nationalism och misogyni var de största ideologierna bakom hatkommentarerna och många avsändare hade tydligt använt olika härskartekniker. Förutom de nämnda ideologierna, hittades även patriarkat och skönhetsideologin. Resultaten visade att även fast det är samma ideologi bakom flera hatkommentarer, vad som specifikt attackeras och kritiseras varierar beroende på mottagarens kön, ålder, hudfärg och sexualitet. För framtida studier skulle en liknande analys kunna göras fast med fokus på hur mycket och vilken sorts näthat personer med färre följare och engagemang får.

Abstract [en]

Online hate is an expected downside of using the internet and even when hate is solely targeted towards an individual, it becomes an attack on a collective identity. The purpose of this study was to examine which norms and ideologies could be found in hate comments and how they interact with each other – based on gender, age, skin colour, and the sexuality of the receivers. In total, the comments of eight YouTube videos were examined. Four in the gaming genre and four in the beauty genre. Using a Python script and Google’s Perspective API, comments above a certain toxic threshold were taken from the videos which were then analysed by the authors based on different criteria. The analysations were done using critical discourse analysis. The analysis showed that nationalism and misogyny were the main ideologies behind the hate comments and multiple comments used master suppression techniques. In addition to the mentioned ideologies, patriarch and the ideology of beauty were also found. The results show that even if the same ideology is behind multiple hate comments, what is being attacked or criticised varied depending on the receiver’s gender, age, skin colour, and sexuality. Due to many of the youtubers having a big following and engagement, many of their followers defended them against online hate. For future studies, a similar analysis could be done but with a focus on people with less followers and engagements. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2021. , p. 59
Keywords [en]
online hate, critical discourse analysis, intersectionality, YouTube, nationalism, misogyny
Keywords [sv]
näthat, kritisk diskursanalys, intersektionalitet, YouTube, nationalism, misogyni
National Category
Media and Communication Studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51823ISRN: JU-HLK-MKA-1-20210358OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-51823DiVA, id: diva2:1526277
Subject / course
HLK, Media and Communication Studies
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2021-02-23 Created: 2021-02-06 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved

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