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Revealing and simulating the effect of hidden damage on local and full-field deformation behaviour of cast aluminium
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Materials and Manufacturing.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2671-9825
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Materials and Manufacturing.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5753-4052
School of Engineering and Technology, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
2023 (English)In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, ISSN 1757-8981, E-ISSN 1757-899X, Vol. 1281, no 1, article id 012066Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Pores have been the main focus of quality assurance in castings. Latest research has shown that in aluminium castings pores can form only if there is existing entrainment damage, i.e., pores are merely the visible parts of the entrainment damage, and usually invisible damage is much more extensive. However, its effect on deformation behaviour has not been previously established or observed in-situ. This work applies 2D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to an in-situ full-field stress-strain analysis of tensile samples with a non-conventional heterogeneous stress distribution. The observations reveal that the effect of hidden damage extends far beyond its impact on fracture behaviour and is responsible for initiating local strain concentrations during deformation. By extracting local stress-strain data, FE simulations have been performed to mimic the effect of local hidden damage on the heterogeneous stress-strain field. SEM and FIB-SEM analysis has been applied to investigate the cause for the strain concentrations. The combined results show that hidden damage in the form of oxide films is not only responsible for premature fracture, but also affects the deformation behaviour of tensile samples by introducing dispersed strain concentrations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Physics (IOP), 2023. Vol. 1281, no 1, article id 012066
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-62908DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012066Local ID: POA;intsam;62908OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-62908DiVA, id: diva2:1813749
Conference
16th International Conference on Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes (MCWASP 2023), 18-23 June 2023, Banff, Canada
Funder
VinnovaAvailable from: 2023-11-21 Created: 2023-11-21 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The effect of microstructural features, defects and surface quality on the fatigue performance in Al-Si-Mg Cast alloys
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The effect of microstructural features, defects and surface quality on the fatigue performance in Al-Si-Mg Cast alloys
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Global warming is driving industry to manufacture lighter components to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Promising candidates for achieving this are aluminium-silicon (Al-Si) cast alloys, which offer a high weight-to-strength ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and good castability. However, understanding variations in the mechanical properties of these alloys is crucial to producing high-performance parts for critical applications. Defects and oxides are the primary reasons cast components in fatigue applications are rejected, as they negatively impact mechanical properties.

A comprehensive understanding of the correlation between fatigue performance and parameters such as the α-aluminium matrix, Al-Si eutectic, surface roughness, porosities, hydrogen content, oxides, and intermetallic phases in Al-Si castings has not been reached.

The research presented in this thesis used state-of-the-art experimental techniques to investigate the mechanical properties and crack-initiation and propagation behaviour of Al-Si-Mg cast alloy under cyclic loading. In-situ cyclic testing was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), digital image correlation (DIC), and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. These techniques enabled a comprehensive study of parameters affecting fatigue performance, including hydrogen content, surface roughness, oxides, and intermetallic phases. More specifically, we investigated the effect of melt quality, copper (Cu) content, oxide bifilms, surface quality, and porosity.

The increased Cu concentration in heat-treated Al-Si alloys increased the amount of intermetallic phases, which affected the cracking behaviour. Furthermore, oxide bifilms were detected at crack-initiation sites, even in regions far away from the highly strained areas. Si- and Iron (Fe)-rich intermetallics were observed to have precipitated on these bifilms. Due to their very small size, these oxides are generally not detected by non-destructive inspections, but affect mechanical properties because they appear to open at relatively low tensile stresses. Finally, Al-Si alloy casting skins showed an interesting effect in terms of improving fatigue performance, highlighting the negative effect of surface polishing for such alloys.

Abstract [sv]

Klimatförändringar runt om i världen driver industrin att tillverka lättare komponenter för att minska utsläppen av koldioxid (CO2). Lovande kandidater för att uppnå detta är aluminium-silikon (Al-Si) gjutna legeringar, som erbjuder hög vikt-till-styrkeförhållande, utmärkt korrosionsbeständighet och god gjutbarhet. Förståelsen av variationer i de mekaniska egenskaperna hos dessa legeringar är dock avgörande för att producera högpresterande komponenter för kritiska tillämpningar. Defekter och oxider är de främsta orsakerna till att gjutna komponenter i utmattningsapplikation avvisas, eftersom de påverkar de mekaniska egenskaperna negativt.

En heltäckande förståelse av sambandet mellan mekaniska egenskaper och parametrar som mikrostrukturella faser, ytfinhet, porositet och oxider i Al-Si-gjutningar har ännu inte blivit fullständigt kartlagd.

Forskningen som presenteras i denna avhandling använde toppmoderna experimentella tekniker för att undersöka de mekaniska egenskaperna samt initiering och propagering av sprickor i Al-Si-Mg-gjutgods under utmattningstester. Dessa tekniker möjliggjorde en omfattande studie av parametrar som påverkar utmattningen, inklusive väteinnehåll, ytfinhet, oxider och intermetalliska faser.

Den ökade Cu-koncentrationen i värmebehandlade Al-Si-legeringar ökade mängden intermetalliska faser, vilket påverkade sprickbeteendet. Vidare upptäcktes oxidfilmer på platser där sprickor initierades, även i områden långt borta från de mest påverkade områdena Kisel och järnfaser observerades ha kärnbildat på dessa oxidfilmer. På grund av deras mycket små storlek upptäcks dessa oxider vanligtvis inte av icke-destruktiva inspektioner, men de påverkar mekaniska egenskaper eftersom de tycks öppna vid relativt låga dragspänningar. Slutligen visade gjutskinnet på Al-Si-komponenter en intressant effekt när det förbättrade utmattningsegenskaperna och belyser den negativa effekten av bearbetning på dessa komponenter.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, School of Engineering, 2023. p. 125
Series
JTH Dissertation Series ; 084
Keywords
Aluminum-Silicon alloys, defects, material characterization, fatigue performance, digital image correlation
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-62909 (URN)978-91-89785-01-4 (ISBN)978-91-89785-02-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-12-15, E1405 (Gjuterisalen), School of Engineering, Jönköping, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Included in doctoral thesis in manuscript form.

Available from: 2023-11-21 Created: 2023-11-21 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved

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Olofsson, JakobBogdanoff, Toni

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