Background: Digitalization is transforming organizations by enhancing operational and environmental performance through improved data utilization and innovation. Stakeholders and regulatory bodies are increasingly demanding sustainable practices, compelling firms to align their operations with eco-conscious principles. Meanwhile, due to global and complex supply chains, SupplyUncertainty has become a frequent issue for firms to deal with to remain competitive. SupplyChain Integration is crucial for managing these demands, uncertainties, offering enhanced efficiency, cost reduction, and competitive advantage by coordinating resources and activities across the value chain.

Purpose:This study aims to bridge the research gap regarding the impact of Supply Chain Integration on Environmental and Operational Performance. Additionally, it seeks to identify external factors, specifically Industry 4.0 technologies and Supply Uncertainty, that influence the relationship between Supply Chain Integration and firm performance.

Method:To achieve this purpose, a quantitative study was conducted using a questionnaire administered to manufacturing firms in Sweden. The proposed conceptual framework and developed hypotheses were tested using Moderated Multiple Regression Analysis. Additionally, ConfirmatoryFactor Analysis and subsequent model fit evaluation were performed.

Conclusion:We conclude that Supply Chain Integration positively affects both Operational and Environmental Performance. Industry 4.0 technologies enhance the relationship between Supply Chain Integration and Environmental Performance, but do not significantly affect its relationship withOperational Performance. Conversely, Supply Uncertainty strengthens the relationship betweenSupply Chain Integration and Operational Performance, with no significant impact on Environmental Performance.