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Reliability generalization Meta-Analysis and psychometric review of the Gaming Disorder test (GDT): Evaluating internal consistency
Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain.
Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Nursing Science. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Nursing, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1445-900X
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2024 (English)In: Addictive Behaviors Reports, ISSN 2352-8532, Vol. 20, article id 100563Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Gaming disorder (GD) is a growing public health issue requiring reliable screening and diagnostic tools. A commonly used tool for assessing GD is the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT). The GDT assesses GD based on International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) criteria; however, its psychometric testing has been conducted across studies but yet snythesized. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize psychometric data regarding the GDT globally. Adhering to pre-registration, a comprehensive search across databases identified 17 eligible studies (n=22,000) in 14 languages reporting on the psychometric properties of the GDT, especially its Cronbach's alpha. The pooled Cronbach's alpha was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89), indicating excellent internal consistency. Although significant heterogeneity was observed (I2= 98.54%), prediction intervals suggested true outcomes likely shared a positive direction. No moderating effects were found regarding sample characteristics, study quality, or geographical location. The meta-analysis provides robust and quantitative evidence supporting the internal consistency of the GDT across diverse populations. Moreover, qualitative synthesis indicates that the GDT has strong psychometric properties without risk of bias across the analyzed studies, indicating the GDT's ability to assess GD globally. However, the heterogeneity suggests cautious interpretation of the reliability estimates.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024. Vol. 20, article id 100563
Keywords [en]
Addictive behaviors, Gaming disorder, Gaming Disorder Test, Internal consistency, Meta-analysis, Psychometrics, Reliability, confidence interval, Cronbach alpha coefficient, diagnostic procedure, game addiction, human, ICD-11, meta analysis, prediction, psychometry, Review
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Drug Abuse and Addiction Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-66115DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100563ISI: 001395753900001PubMedID: 39282470Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85202154852Local ID: GOA;intsam;969827OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-66115DiVA, id: diva2:1894825
Available from: 2024-09-04 Created: 2024-09-04 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved

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Björling, GunillaPakpour, Amir H.

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