Dynamic capabilities (DC) play a critical role in addressing logistics challenges during emergency responses to natural disasters. While researchers in logistics operations (LO) acknowledge this importance, the specific context of major earthquakes remains underexplored. This study aims to analyze logistics challenges in emergency responses to major earthquakes, with a focus on the experiences of Türkiye’s recent seismic events. An exploratory mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The research includes a systematic review of 23 academic articles published between 1999 and 2023, supplemented by secondary sources (news, websites, reports) and expert interviews. The Best-Worst Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (BWM) method was employed to identify and prioritize key criteria and alternatives for DC and logistics challenges. The Weighted Sum Model (WSM) prioritizes the other options. The findings highlight the core logistics challenges in earthquake responses, such as responsiveness and agility. Key DCs— organizational learning, visibility, information flow, robustness, delivery reliability and speed—were essential to mitigating risks for affected populations. This research supports and extends the humanitarian logistics literature by offering a DC framework to address logistics challenges in large-scale disasters, providing practical insights for improving response effectiveness during major earthquakes.