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New wineskins for new wine: Institutional change and AI-driven digitalization
Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration. Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Media, Management and Transformation Centre (MMTC).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9918-4860
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This dissertation investigates how organizations respond to the institutional challenges posed by artificial intelligence-driven digitalization. Drawing on institutional theory, it conceptualizes artificial intelligence (AI) as an institutional force that reconfigures norms, logics, and legitimacy expectations, rather than merely as a technological innovation. While research has predominantly focused on digital transformation as a strategic or technological shift, this study highlights its institutional dimensions, particularly the symbolic and substantive tensions that organizations face when navigating legitimacy in rapidly evolving environments.

The dissertation introduces the Institutional Digital Adaptation Model (IDAM), a dynamic framework explaining how organizations pursue legitimacy across three adaptive pathways: compliance-driven adoption, competitive benchmarking, and strategic institutional engagement. Through the integration of document analysis, computational methods, and longitudinal studies of professional service firms and Swedish multinational enterprises (MNEs), the research reveals how firms construct front-stage narratives that align with external expectations, while often grappling with back-stage complexities and internal misalignments.

Empirically, the research spans multiple sectors and institutional contexts, offering comparative insights into how coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures shape organizational responses to AI. Theoretically, it advances a performative and recursive understanding of adaptation under technological uncertainty, contributing to institutional scholarship. Methodologically, the dissertation demonstrates how digital and computational approaches can enrich institutional analysis.

Overall, the research reveals that AI adoption is not a linear process of technological integration, but rather a contested journey in search of legitimacy shaped by symbolic actions and institutional pressures. The findings have significant implications for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to understand and govern the future of digital transformation.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling undersöker hur organisationer svarar på de institutionella utmaningar som följer med AI-driven digitalisering. Med utgångspunkt i institutionell teori betraktas artificiell intelligens inte enbart som en teknologisk innovation, utan som en institutionell kraft som omformar normer, logiker och legitimitetsförväntningar. Tidigare forskning har i stor utsträckning fokuserat på digital transformation som en strategisk eller teknisk förändring, medan denna studie lyfter fram dess institutionella dimensioner – särskilt de symboliska och substantiella spänningar som organisationer hanterar i sitt sökande efter legitimitet i snabbt föränderliga omgivningar.

Avhandlingen introducerar Institutional Digital Adaptation Model (IDAM) – en dynamisk modell som förklarar hur organisationer eftersträvar legitimitet genom tre anpassningsvägar: regelstyrd efterlevnad, konkurrensbaserad benchmarking och strategiskt institutionellt engagemang. Genom att kombinera dokumentanalys, digitala metoder och longitudinella studier av professionella tjänsteföretag och svenska multinationella företag (MNE:er), visar studien hur företag konstruerar front-stage-narrativ som svarar mot externa förväntningar, samtidigt som de ofta brottas med backstage-komplexitet och interna motsättningar.

Empiriskt omfattar studien flera sektorer och institutionella kontexter, och erbjuder jämförande insikter om hur normativa, mimetiska och tvingande tryck påverkar organisatoriska svar på AI. Teoretiskt bidrar arbetet till institutionell teori genom att utveckla en performativ och rekursiv förståelse av organisatorisk anpassning under teknologisk osäkerhet. Metodologiskt visar avhandlingen hur digitala och beräkningsbaserade metoder kan fördjupa institutionell analys.

Sammantaget visar forskningen att AI-adoption inte är en linjär teknisk implementering, utan en komplex och legitimitetsdriven process, präglad av symboliska handlingar och institutionella krafter. Resultaten har viktiga implikationer för forskare, praktiker och beslutsfattare som vill förstå och styra framtidens digitala transformation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School , 2025. , p. 122
Series
JIBS Dissertation Series, ISSN 1403-0470 ; 174
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-69856ISBN: 978-91-7914-064-9 (print)ISBN: 978-91-7914-065-6 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-69856DiVA, id: diva2:2002464
Public defence
2025-10-17, B1014, Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-09-30 Created: 2025-09-30 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Digital innovation and the effects of artificial intelligence on firms’ research and development – Automation or augmentation, exploration or exploitation?
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Digital innovation and the effects of artificial intelligence on firms’ research and development – Automation or augmentation, exploration or exploitation?
2022 (English)In: Technological forecasting & social change, ISSN 0040-1625, E-ISSN 1873-5509, Vol. 179, article id 121636Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Digitalization has altered many assumptions underpinning research on innovation management. At the early innings of exploring how digital innovation management stands out, there is a need for further studies in this area. Previous research on how firms use artificial intelligence has distinguished between automation and augmentation of human activities. In this paper, we explore how firms implement artificial intelligence within research and development. Utilizing an international news database spanning 956 articles from 122 newspapers published in 2020, we find that artificial intelligence is primarily adopted to augment human activities (55%) within research and development, rather than to automate matters (11%). We observe differences across sectors where automation is more common in government, information and communication technology (ICT), and technology and software. Our systematic coding shows that artificial intelligence is primarily adopted for exploration research and development (64%), rather than exploitation (5%). Based on these findings, we conclude that research and development from artificial intelligence primarily focuses on novel markets and areas of operations, rather than enhancing existing product markets and activities. Moreover, it augments human labor rather than replaces it; hence, job losses related to artificial intelligence do not seem to be taking place within research and development.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Artificial intelligence, Augmentation, Automation, Exploitation, Exploration, Innovation management, R&D, Commerce, Employment, Natural resources exploration, Digital innovations, Government communication, Government information, Human activities, Information and Communication Technologies, Research and development
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-56148 (URN)10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121636 (DOI)000789632000002 ()2-s2.0-85126927972 (Scopus ID)HOA;;804942 (Local ID)HOA;;804942 (Archive number)HOA;;804942 (OAI)
Available from: 2022-04-04 Created: 2022-04-04 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved
2. Making use of digital methods to study influencer marketing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Making use of digital methods to study influencer marketing
2022 (English)In: The dynamics of influencer marketing: A multidisciplinary approach / [ed] J. M. Álvarez-Monzoncillo, London: Routledge, 2022, p. 5-18Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Influencer marketing is presently gaining momentum across the economy. Digital data and digital methods hold potential for further advancing research on influencer marketing, and presently more knowledge is needed concerning how online sources and digital methods can be used for this purpose. In this chapter, we describe how digital data and digital methods can be applied in order to study influencer marketing. Social Media Analytics enables systematic real-time collection of data across different social media platforms. Making use of such data and analysing it using various software opens up several research opportunities related to influencer marketing. We highlight some of these benefits and discuss how these methods can be put into practice.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
London: Routledge, 2022
Series
Routledge Studies in Marketing ; 24
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-58547 (URN)10.4324/9781003134176-2 (DOI)2-s2.0-85138052868 (Scopus ID)HOA;;1699187 (Local ID)9781003134176 (ISBN)9780367678906 (ISBN)9780367680916 (ISBN)HOA;;1699187 (Archive number)HOA;;1699187 (OAI)
Available from: 2022-09-27 Created: 2022-09-27 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved

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Johnson, Prince Chacko

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